How does the distribution of vaccines reach the community?

Distribution of the government sector

From the Bio Farma Warehouse, Vaccines are brought with refrigerated vehicles to the Provincial Health Office Warehouse. From the Provincial Health Office warehouse, the vaccine will be distributed to the warehouse of the City and District Health Office. From the warehouse of the City and District Health Office, the vaccine will be distributed to the health center, which is then given to the consumer.

Distribution of the private and exports sector

From the Bio Farma Warehouse, Vaccines are carried by refrigerated vehicles through land / air / sea transportation to the distributor / buyer warehouse, while paying attention to the cold chain system. From the distributor / buyer warehouse, vaccines are carried using refrigerated vehicles to the final destination (hospitals, clinics, doctors' practice sites) which are then given to consumers

How to guarantee that the vaccine received is still in good condition, considering the vaccine is very sensitive to changes in temperature?

We can find out whether the vaccine is in good condition or not by looking at VVM (Vaccine Vial Monitor). By reading the color changes on VVM paper, we can find out whether the vaccine is stored in the appropriate temperature or not, if the color has changed, it means that the vaccine cannot be used anymore because it has been damaged even though the expired period is still long.

How is the vaccine production process?

There are 7 stages in the vaccine production process, namely:

1. Media Preparation: The collection of the best vaccine seeds (virus / bacteria), so that the amount meets the need for vaccine production
2. Inoculation: To sow viruses / bacteria on a purified medium
3. Harvest: The process of harvesting viruses and bacteria grown in a certain amount in a media
4. Inactivation: To undermine / inactivate viruses or bacteria
5. Purification: To purify the virus / bacteria that has grown, in the purification process, which is a process to remove substances that are not relevant to vaccine products

6. Formulation: To formulate bulk of vaccines that have been purified with additional substances.

7. Final Products (Filling & Packaging): To fill vaccines into packaging. To label on vaccine packaging

What are the stages of vaccine clinical trials at Bio Farma?

Clinical Trial I: Knowing product safety and side effects that can be caused. In this stage, 10-100 people have started to be given.

Clinical Trial II: Finding out and evaluating the immune response by increasing the number of respondents to 100-300 people.

Clinical Trial III: Knowing the level of vaccine efficacy with the number of subjects counted statistically.

How to handle waste at the vaccine factory?

There are 2 types of waste in bio farma, namely solid and liquid waste, for solid waste it will be destroyed by incinerator, burned with high temperature and then the remaining combustion is left to the 3^rd party that has been registered according to the law such as companies engaged in waste processing.

Liquid waste consists of liquid waste from viruses and bacteria. Before entering the waste pond,

Where is the raw material for the vaccine?

There are primary and secondary raw materials, for primary ones such as chemical salt it is still imported because Indonesia does not have a pharmaceutical upstream industry. While for secondary materials such as vials, labeling is from domestic.

Where do you get the seeds of viruses and bacteria?

Bio Farma cooperates with the Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization (WHO) so as to get a disease seed to make a vaccine.

The media used to grow viruses & bacteria?

To grow the virus using egg media while to grow bacteria using media such as potatoes & gelatin

Do you make various types of vaccines use the same machine?

Each drug and vaccine product uses different machines, depending on the type and class of the raw material. For certain types and groups, are required to use a dedicated machine to avoid cross contamination.

How is the quality control in biofarma?

Bio Farma implements a comprehensive QMS (Quality Management System), ranging from vendor selection, system of reception - storage - raw material distribution, manufacturing systems including production, in process control, sampling and QC tests to storage, packages and finish product distribution. Each batch produced, tested, storage during quarantine and product release are clearly separated from other batches with segregation thus avoiding mixing between different materials or batches.

The Regulatory Organization periodically conducts inspections, namely the BPOM and the World Health Organization.

How long is the research process needed to find one type of vaccine?

Making a new type of vaccine is not easy. Starting from research on disease burden, to finding good microorganism seeds and their formulation can take 12 years or even more. Every stage of this development must always be in the CPOB order

Can everyone be protected from illness by immunization?

Although all vaccination doses have been given, not everyone is protected from disease. Vaccines for measles, tetanus, polio and HIb provide protection for more than 95% of children who have received a complete dose. Three DPT vaccine doses protect approximately 85% of vaccinated children. The remaining 15% can still suffer from the disease, but with milder and uncomplicated symptoms.

If the vaccine does not provide 100% protection, what is the use of getting immunizations?

Vaccines are not 100% effective, so it is possible that the vaccinated children are still affected by the disease. But vaccinated children are much less likely to get the disease compared to children who are not vaccinated. Even if the vaccinated children are affected by the disease, their immune systems are better prepared to fight the germs and the symptoms will be much lighter. They can also be prevented from getting serious complications from the disease such as disability or even death.

How long does the vaccine protect us?

Different vaccines will provide different periods of protection. There is a vaccine that provides life-long protection. One can last for 30 years. Other one can last less than that. Influenza viruses, for example, since they quickly mutate, influenza vaccines need to be given annually to provide protection against the most recent viruses.

How long does the vaccine take to react in the body?

In general, the normal immune response will start working for about two weeks. This means protection against disease, not immediately occurs after immunization.

What is contained in the vaccine?

Vaccines contain:

1. A live virus that is attenuated in very small doses
2. Bacteria / viruses that have died or parts of bacteria in very small doses
3. Toxins from modified bacteria in small doses

What are the types of vaccines?

1. Live vaccine contains weakend live germs
2. Inactive vaccines (such as whole cell vaccine) use germs that are killed by chemical substances, heat or radiation
3. Vaccine subunits (toxoid, acellular, DNA & recombinant vaccines) only use certain parts of the germs

Is the vaccine really safe? Even though it is produced from viruses / bacteria?

The vaccine only uses certain parts / whole of killed / attenuated germ. It does not have the ability to cause disease.

Do vaccines contain dangerous chemicals?

1. Aluminum acts as an adjuvant to improve the vaccine's immune response. Even more aluminum content in breast milk.
2. Formalin is used to neutralize tetanus toxin so that it becomes toxoid to stimulate the body's immunity. Formalin content in human blood is even higher.
3. Mercury in its organic form, mercury ethyl acts as a preservative to prevent bacterial and fungal contamination into the vaccine

Is there really a vaccine containing mercury?

Most vaccines do not use mercury, except in an organic form known as thimerosal. This organic material comes from ethyl mercury which can be easily disposed of by the body. In addition, there are very few of them. We actually get more mercury from food consumed every day.

How safe is the vaccine?

All vaccines must pass rigorous safety tests before they are authorized by the authorized institution. This test is regulated by law and is usually carried out for several years when the vaccine is developed. Vaccine safety is always monitored after being used in the midst of the community.

Before being marketed, the vaccine was clinically tested on thousands of people in large-scale clinical research. This study security is closely monitored. The process of obtaining passing can take up to 10 years. Because of the rigorous clinical trials, several vaccines that failed clinical trials were never produced for mass use.

Lots of vaccines given to children, does the vaccine overload their immune system?

The vaccine does not burden the children's immune system because the immune system is able to deal with various attacks at once at a time. The fact is that every day children are faced with various kinds of foreign antigens

What is the recommended immunization schedule determined?

The immunization schedule is determined by recommendations from experts and epidemiologists, infectious disease prevention experts and immunologists. The schedule is evaluated annually based on the latest scientific data available and adjustments made if necessary to best protect children against vaccine preventable diseases.

What is the time and gap between injections determined?

Every dose of vaccine scheduled for the children's age which is considered optimal for producing the best immune response that is offset by the need to protect infants and children at the earliest possible age. Some doses of vaccine need to be gapped within a certain amount of time to produce a protective response.

Why are immunization schedules different from private doctors, health centers and hospitals?

Differences in immunization schedules at different time periods in some doctors' practices include different reference sources, modifications to make it easier for parents or special consideration based on the circumstances of the infants and children at that time. If observed more closely, the schedule that seems different is generally still in the range of schedule life recommended by the Immunization Development Program and IDAI Immunization Task Force.

Can ill children be vaccinated?

If the illness is a mild cold and cough without fever they can still be vaccinated, unless the infants are very fussy, vaccination can be delayed 1-2 weeks later.

If they are taking antibiotics can they be immunized?

They can, because antibiotics do not interfere with the potential of the vaccine. Antibiotics that are being consumed work against bacterial infections that are attacking the body, not against the bacteria in the vaccine. It should be considered if the infants / children are suffering from certain diseases or conditions according to general guidelines for vaccination.

Should the immunization schedule for premature babies be delayed?

Polio vaccine should be given after a preterm baby of 2 months / body weight> 2000 grams, as well as DPT, hepatitis B and Hib. Every premature baby needs a specific immunization schedule, consult with a pediatrician.

Why is the vaccine not given once?

One dose of vaccine can only provide low protection. For some vaccines, three or four serial doses are needed to get the optimal protective effect. The first dose will provide a minimal response and subsequent doses will trigger a better immune response and a greater protective effect.

If the children are given several types of vaccines at once is it not dangerous?

It is not harmful. Some bacteria or viruses that are inserted into the body will stimulate each specific memory cell. The important thing is that the immunization is done in different parts of the body (for example, the thigh / left arm / right arm) using different syringes and paying attention to the general provisions regarding vaccine given.

What about children who have delayed their immunization schedule?

For those who missed immunization can be given immediately if the condition of the children are healthy. Discuss with the doctor how to catch up with children immunization because each case is different and must be matched with the children's age at that time. Immunizations that are not timetable, incomplete or never given is not an obstacle to continuing immunization. The immunization that has been given has produced an immunological response even though it is still below the threshold of protection level or has not reached protection for a long period of time, so doctors need to continue and complete immunization (catch up) to achieve maximum protection levels.

Can children with allergies be immunized?

If there are children who are severely allergic to eggs, we must be very careful. If a history of anaphylactic reaction to eggs (swelling of the mouth / throat, difficulty in breathing, decrease in blood pressure / shock) is contraindicated for influenza vaccination.

Is it true that vaccines can cause autism in children?

No, actually this accusation came from Dr. Andrew Wakefield's research in 1998 and has been proven wrong. In fact many other studies have been carried out in various countries to prove whether these charges are true or not. Within 15 years no study has found evidence of a link to this vaccine with autism. Even a study conducted in Japan found that cases of autism among children continued to increase even after the MMR vaccine was stopped. So the MMR vaccine is not the cause of autism.

What are the side effects of immunization?

Many children experience mild side effects from immunization. Most side effects last for a while and the children's condition improves without any problems. The most common side effects are redness, pain and swelling at the injection spot, mild fever and the children becomes fussy

Why is the vaccine given at a very early age, even since newborn babies?

Because diseases that can be prevented from transmission by giving vaccinations usually attack the babies at the beginning of their life, namely when the immune system of the babies has not been able to fight the attack of these pathogenic organisms.

What is the history of immunization?

Immunization is inseparable from the name of Edward Jenner, a doctor in England who introduced variola vaccine. But actually before Jenner, immunization has been carried out in India, China and Muslim countries like Turkey. Lady Montagu, wife of British Ambassador in Turkey told British doctors how the practice of immunization against variola was carried out by Muslim doctors in Turkey. Although Jenner later became known as the Father of Immunization, the historical fact shows that Muslim doctors have started an immunization business before Jenner.

There are 2 versions of the immunization schedule, why is that?

The best immunization schedule is those within the Ministry of Health Immunization Schedule or IDAI Immunization Service recommendations. However, consideration must be given to the condition and history of the baby / child relating to the contradiction / risk of the occurrence of post-immunization follow-up (KIPI) and parental requests.

What is the function of the vaccine given during primary school age?

Immunizations that need to be repeated in primary schools are measles and DT (grade 1, and TT (grades 2.3 and 6). Many children have been vaccinated when they were babies in 5 - 7 years old 28.3% of them are still affected by measles. At the age of> 10 years, there are still cases of diphtheria.

What if the baby vomits the polio vaccine?

If vomiting occurs before 10 minutes, immediately give the polio vaccine again with the same dose. If vomiting is repeated, give it again the next day

How long is the gap between breastfeeding and oral polio vaccine?

Breast milk can be given immediately after oral polio immunization at the age of more than 1 week. Mother's milk produced in the first 1 week (colostrum) contains antibodies with high titer that can bind oral polio vaccine

If the gap between immunizations is longer than the recommended gap, does vaccination need to be repeated?

It doesn't need to be repeated, because the body's immune system can remember previous vaccine stimuli. Continue with vaccinations that have not been given with the recommended gap.

If the previous immunization got occurrence of post-immunization follow-up, what is the next vaccination schedule?

If the occurrence of post-immunization follow-up (KIPI) is only mild, the next vaccination is on schedule, but if it is heavy, the next dose should not be continued. For example if the occurrence of post-immunization follow-up of DPT is quite heavy, the next dose uses DT vaccine

How to deal with children who are fussy due to vaccines ?

Give more drink, do not wear too thick clothes, and if necessary, provide paracetamol to reduce pain and fever. Serious reactions are rare.

After being BCG vaccinated, is there a left thing?

For BCG injection it usually does cause a reaction in the form of inflammation and pus, about 3 weeks after injection, which indicates that there is an immune reaction (immune system) to the immunization given. But it's not straightforward, so 3 weeks later the reaction arises

Do children who have ever received MMR still need measles booster?

Measles immunization is given at school age in the BIAS program (month of student immunization) as a government program. The point is, the booster of measles immunization will do no harm a.k.a not harmful to children who have ever received MMR, it will strengthen the effects of previous immunizations.

How to find out information about job vacancies and recruitment at PT Bio Farma (Persero)?

PT Bio Farma (Persero) opens job vacancies and conducts recruitment every 2 times in 1 year based on the needs of the company. We announce job vacancies on the company's website and National Print Media. For more information, please visit the career menu on this website.

Does Bio Farma accept street vendors for students?  Bio Farma accepts street vendors for students from various Universities and Departments

Please send a letter of application for street vendors to PT Bio Farma (Persero) addressed to: Head of Secretariat Section Jl. Pasteur No.28 Bandung 40161 or by fax (022) 2041306

What is the procedure for making industrial visits to PT Bio Farma (Persero)?

Bio Farma accepts industry visits from various agencies, from kindergarten, elementary, junior high, high school, vocational school, university & health services, both from domestic and abroad. The visit is done on weekdays, the maximum number of participants is 60 people (including mentors). Please send a letter of request for a visit to PT Bio Farma (Persero) Jl. Pasteur No.28 Bandung 40161 addressed to: Head of Corporate Communications. In the visit request letter includes: Day and Date of the planned execution of the visit, fax number, email address and contact person

What if we want to apply for a small business / partnership program to PT Bio Farma?

PT Bio Farma (Persero) has a partnership program to improve small businesses to be more independent and an environmental development program to empower the social conditions of society by BUMN through the use of funds from a portion of the company's profits.

To register as a partner under the Partnership program, please come to the office to register and take the partnership program proposal at

Admin Building Partnership Section 2, 2nd floor

Jl. Pasteur No. 28 Bandung 40161

For further information, please contact: 022 2033755 ext. 37205

Meanwhile, to submit a request for assistance for the Environmental Development program, you can send a cover letter for submitting a proposal addressed to the Director of Finance & Risk Management of PT Bio Farma (Persero) accompanied by a proposal for assistance.

Proposals can be sent/submitted to:

Admin Building Partnership Section 2, 2nd floor

Jl. Pasteur No. 28 Bandung 40161

For further information, please contact: 022 2033755 ext. 37205 /  csr@biofarma.co.id

Can I buy vaccines directly from PT Bio Farma?

PT Bio Farma (Persero) does not serve direct purchases, to get Bio Farma’s products, please contact our distributors in your city. To get information about Bio Farma's distributors, please visit the distributor menu on our website

Does Bio Farma serves immunizations for infants and adults?

Bio Farma provides public services, namely vaccination / immunization services for infants, children and adults. In addition, we also serves laboratory examinations which consist of blood chemistry, hematology, bacteriology, tuberculosis / mycology, serology, and others. Please visit the Immunization Clinic, on Jl. Pasteur No. 28 Bandung.

Does Bio Farma provide scholarships to the community?

Students who excel but come from underprivileged families, and live in Bandung and its surroundings. Program target qualifications are:

1. Elementary / Junior High / High School / Company
2. Boy or Girl.
3. Achievement (ranking 1-10 / GPA 3.00 - 4). 
4. Still actively studying
5. Have good academic and non-academic achievements.
6. Active in Community Activities.
7. Not involved in illegal drugs and criminal behavior. For further information, please contact PT Bio Farma DKM An Nur, telephone: 022 203 3755

Does Bio Farma serve requests for purchase of materials for research and experiments?

Bio Farma does not serve requests for the purchase of research materials and experiments

Is Bio Farma open to students who will carry out research related to their final assignments?

Bio Farma accepts students who will conduct research, due to the high interest of students from various universities to carry out research, schedules and admissions are arranged according to the willingness of the work unit. Please send an official letter of research submission addressed to PT Bio Farma (Persero) Jl. Pasteur No.28 Bandung 40161

1. What is Diphtheria?

   Diphtheria is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corinebacterium diphtheria, the bacteria are very dangerous and contagious, causing infection in the respiratory tract, so that the patient will have difficulty breathing, and the bacteria will cause toxins or poisons that can damage the surface of the respiratory tract, interfere with the heart, nerves and finally can cause death.

2. What are the symptoms of diphtheria?
   

   Symptoms depend on the stage where the patient is ill, early symptoms sufferers can experience inflammation / sore throat, fever, in the throat can appear white membrane that inhibits breathing.

3. Who is at risk for this disease?
   

   People who are at risk are certainly people who do not have immunity to the diphtheria bacteria, which is one of the people who have not been immunized, or the immunization gap is too far so the antibody titers have decreased and even disappeared.

4. Is there a possibility of transmitting to adults?
   

   It is, if it does not have immunity to this bacteria, can be affected, so this vaccination must be carried out continuously, for example from babies with 3 primary doses, given more booster at the age of 18-24 months, and given more when they are students

5. If there is a program for repeat vaccines later, do adults need to be given too? Or should the antibody titer be tested first?
   

   There is no need to test antibody titers first, if we feel that they have not been immunized for a long time, they can immediately ask to be immunized voluntarily, but the campaign conducted by the government will be reviewed according to the estimated age of the most vulnerable to contracting this bacterial infection.

6. How effective is prevention through this vaccination?
   

   Very effective, the vaccination that we do will produce antibodies > 95% of people who are immunized

7. For patients who have been affected, what can they do? Can it be cured?

   If it has been affected, of course the patient must seek help from the Medical / Doctors team, so that there are some therapies given to these patients including antibiotics, anti-diphtheria serum, so all therapy must be given comprehensively, and if all the treatments are available, it is possible to survive.

8. How many phases of the severity of this disease can it really not be helped?

   Initially it usually only complains of fever, swallowing pain, and there is interference in the respiratory tract, then if it has clogged into the respiratory tract, it will be difficult to breathe so that the neck must be perforated, then if the bacterium has cleared toxins and it will be difficult

9. Then what is the doctor's advice for parents?
   

   To parents, do not forget to bring the vaccination to children, follow all immunization schedules from the government starting from babies, toddlers, also students.

10. If we have not followed the vaccination schedule completely since we were babies, can we immediately take vaccination at this age?

    You can. Please vaccinate as soon as possible

11. What vaccines contain diphtheria?
    

    Vaccines containing diphtheria include: DTP-HB-Hib (Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis - Hepatitis B - Haemophylus Influenzae Type B) for children aged 1 - 5 year-old, DT (Tetanus Diphtheria) for children aged 5 - <7 and TD (Tetanus Diphtheria) for children aged> 7 years. There is no maximum limit for administering vaccines, up to under the age of 19 year-old specifically for campaigns

12. Is the vaccine safe?
    

    The public does not need to worry about the quality of vaccines made by Bio Farma, because products are produced through stringent quality control, and cold chain systems with Vaccine Vial Monitor (VVM) technology to ensure quality, safe and effective vaccines, this Bio Farma vaccine has been marketed by > 130 countries, including Islamic countries.

1. What is Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B is a serious infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Hepatitis B can cause acute and chronic conditions in patients. If it has entered a chronic level, this disease can endanger the lives of sufferers. If not treated immediately, patients with chronic hepatitis B are at risk of developing cirrhosis, liver cancer, or liver disease.

2. What age do we need to get the Hepatitis B vaccine?

The younger given the Hepatitis B vaccine will get the better. Therefore, in the national immunization schedule, it was announced that the first dose of Hepatitis B vaccine was started since the newborn to break the chain of transmission of Hepatitis B virus. Adults who have not received Hepatitis B vaccination when they are under five need to be vaccinated to protect them.

3. How many times must we be vaccinated to get optimal protection against Hepatitis B?

In order to be protected optimally, three times the injection of Hepatitis B vaccine must be given completely.

4. What is the schedule for Hepatitis B vaccination in infants and adults?

For infants, Hepatitis B vaccination is first given 12 hours after birth. Furthermore, hepatitis B vaccination is given in the form of a pentavalent combination vaccine at the age of 2, 3, and 4 months, then given a booster dose at the age of 18 months. For adults, can be given with the following schedule:

• 0-1-6 months The second dose is one month after the first dose, and the third dose is 6 months from the first dose.
• 0-1-2 months The second dose is one month after the first dose, and the third dose is two months from the first dose.

4. What if for some reason (such as job demands) I have to complete Hepatitis B vaccination within one month?  

There is a fast schedule that is 0-7-21 days. A second dose is given 7 days after the first injection and the third dose is given 21 days after the first injection. Users of this schedule are advised to get one dose of booster one year after the first injection to obtain long-term protection.

5. What are the symptoms of Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B is difficult to recognize because the symptoms are not immediately felt and can not even appear at all. Therefore, many people do not realize that they are infected. This virus usually develops for 1-5 months after exposure until the appearance of the first symptoms. Some of the common symptoms of Hepatitis B include:

• Common non-specific symptoms, such as fatigue, body aches, and headaches.
• Loss of appetite.
• Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
• Pain in the lower abdomen.
• Jaundice (seen from the skin and the yellowing white part of the eye).
• Dark and concentrated urine

6. What is the transmission of Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B can be transmitted through blood and body fluids such as sperm and vaginal fluids. Some modes of transmission include:

• Sexual contact. For example, changing partners and having unprotected sex.
• Sharing needles. For example using syringes contaminated with the blood of Hepatitis B sufferers.
• Accidental contact with syringes. For example health workers (paramedics) who often deal with human blood.
• Mother and baby. Pregnant women can transmit the disease to their babies during labor.

7. What is contained in the Hepatitis B vaccine?

This vaccine contains Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg), which is a recombinant Hepatitis B virus that can stimulate the formation of the immune system against the Hepatitis B virus (active vaccination).

8.  Can Hepatitis B vaccine still be given to people who have had hepatitis B?

No, the vaccine functions to prevent the spread of Hepatitis B. Therefore, if you have been infected with Hepatitis B, then the provision of Hepatitis B vaccine is no longer useful.

9.If the Hepatitis B sufferer is not immediately treated, what are the risks?

If they are not treated properly, chronic hepatitis B can cause long-term health problems, including liver disease, liver stiffness (cirrhosis), liver cancer, to death.

10. If a pregnant woman has hepatitis B, will she pass on to her baby?

The Hepatitis B virus can be transmitted from the mother to the baby during labor. For pregnant women who have chronic hepatitis B, they must notify and check regularly to health workers.

11. What should we do to prevent transmission to babies from pregnant women who are positive for Hepatitis B?

At delivery, the baby must be given Hepatitis B vaccination immediately, accompanied by Hepatitis B antibodies (immunoglobulin) within 12 hours after birth. Consult further with the doctor who handles your childbirth.

12. Are there side effects after getting the Hepatitis B vaccine?
Hepatitis B Vaccine is a safe vaccine and most people do not experience significant side effects. This vaccine cannot cause Hepatitis B infection. The side effects that commonly occur are fever and pain at the injection spot. Other very rare side effects are severe allergic reactions, diarrhea, constipation, headache, joint pain, weakness, and itching on the skin.

13. Is Hepatitis B vaccination enough to be given once?

No. Complete dosage of vaccine is needed three times to provide protection against Hepatitis B. If there is only one vaccine, then the protection is not optimal so that Hepatitis B can still be affected.

14. Where can I get the Hepatitis B vaccine?

In health facilities such as hospitals, clinics and the closest private practice doctors in your city.

15. Are there certain conditions so that someone cannot get the Hepatitis B vaccine?

This Hepatitis B vaccine is a contra indication for people who are allergic or hypersensitive to components in the vaccine or sensitive to bread yeast, although this is rare or reported.

16. What efforts need to do to avoid Hepatitis B?

To prevent transmission of Hepatitis B virus, it is recommended to:

• Apply a clean and healthy lifestyle, such as eating nutritious foods and exercising regularly.
• Avoid risky behavior by:
  • Be loyal to your sexual partner. If you can't, have a safe sexual relationship using a condom.
  • Do not share needles, toothbrushes, towels, nail clippers, and razors with others.

  • Be careful when tattooed or pierced. Make sure to use sterile and new needles.

  • Clean all objects affected by blood using a bleach and water solution with a ratio of 1: 9.
  • Clean or dispose of objects affected by Hepatitis B patients.
  • For patients with Hepatitis B, it is prohibited to donate blood, organs, sperm or cells. 3. Vaccinate yourself and your family

17. If I have been exposed to Hepatitis B, what should I do

If you have been exposed to Hepatitis B, you need to get treatment. There is a national consensus on the management of Hepatitis B issued by the Indonesian Heart Research Association (PPHI) in the treatment of Hepatitis B. The exposure to this virus will cause two clinical outputs, namely: (1) Acute hepatitis which then heals spontaneously and forms immunity to this disease, or (2) Growing into chronicles. Patients who are infected with HBV chronically can experience 4 phases, the immune tolerant phase, the immune clearance phase, the inactivating phase, and the reactivation phase. The aim of treatment for acute hepatitis B is to reduce symptoms with painkillers, and to maintain the patient's daily comfort and nutritional balance and maintain the body's immunity to the virus. However, further monitoring of Hepatitis B infection is necessary because it may develop into chronic hepatitis B. Meanwhile, treatment for chronic hepatitis B depends on the severity of the infection in the liver. Handling this disease is using drugs that function to inhibit the production of viruses and prevent damage to the liver.

Download Hepatitis B Posters Here

1. What is Influenza?

Influenza is a respiratory infection caused by the Influenza virus.

2. Why do I have to be influenza-vaccinated?
Influenza is a highly contagious disease and has a history of becoming an epidemic in various parts of the world. In addition, influenza can cause diseases such as pneumonia, especially in susceptible individuals, to cause death

3. Can the flu virus cause death?

Yes, there are some deadly flu like types A (H5N1) or (bird flu) and A (H1N1) which causes a Spanish Flu epidemic. The epidemic of influenza A (H1N1) that occurred in 1918 has resulted in the loss of 100 million people, exceeding the number of victims of World War. The next pandemic epidemic occurred in 2009, with the H1N1 type virus and attacked 214 countries in the world with the deaths of around 18,449 people.

4. What age can someone get a seasonal influenza vaccine?

Influenza vaccine can be given starting at the age of 6 months.

5. What is the transmission of influenza?

Usually, influenza is transmitted through the air through coughing or sneezing, which will cause mucus sparks that contain viruses. Influenza can also be transmitted through contact with surfaces that have been contaminated by the Influenza virus.

6.What is contained in the Flubio Influenza vaccine?

The HA influenza vaccine is a clear or slightly turbid suspension, containing haemagglutinin, for influenza antigen. Influenza HA vaccine is a suspension given for injection. Each dose of vaccine (0.5 mL) contains strains:

• A/ H1N1 15 p.g HA
• A / H3N2 15 p.g HA
• B 15 p.g HA

7. How many times is the Influenza vaccine given?

Influenza vaccine is recommended to be given once a year. In children under 9 year-old, the initial dose is given twice with an interval of one month, then continued once a year.

8.How many types of flu viruses?

In general, influenza viruses consist of types A, B, and C. Type A can infect humans and animals, and have a history of causing outbreaks and casualties in various parts of the world. Such as: A (H1N1) which caused the Spanish Flu in 1918 and Swine Flu in 2009, A (H3N2) which caused the Hong Kong Flu in 1968. In addition there is an Influenza type B virus that only attacks humans, the symptoms are lighter than type A, but tends to be heavier when it comes to children. Type C usually does not cause symptoms in humans (subclinical). Therefore, Influenza vaccines contain a minimum type A (H1N1), A (H3N2), and type B antigens.

9. What are the side effects after getting an influenza vaccine?

Local reactions can arise such as pain and redness at the location of the injection and systemic reactions such as fever, muscle aches, fatigue. These reactions are individual, generally mild and will disappear after 1-2 days without treatment.

10. Is the Influenza vaccine able to prevent flu from allergies

Allergy sufferers may benefit from administering influenza vaccination, but do not eliminate an individual's susceptibility to allergies.

11. How important is influenza vaccination?

Influenza vaccination will reduce the risk of co-infection (simultaneous infection by several types of influenza virus) and genetic reassortment / rearrangement of genetic material from human influenza (H1N1) and avian influenza (H5N1) viruses in birds, which can attack humans. In other words, preventing the formation of a new type of influenza virus that is more virulent.

12.Is the influenza vaccine really able to prevent someone from coughing and colds?

Influenza Vaccination makes the incidence of Influenza even worse, even if exposed it will usually be lighter than not vaccinated at all.

13. Where can I get an Influenza vaccine?

In health facilities such as hospitals, clinics, and practicing doctors nearby in your city.

14. Are there certain conditions that make a person unable to get an influenza vaccine?

Vaccines should not be used in the following circumstances:

• Allergy of egg, chicken protein or vaccine component
• In cases of high fever, convulsions or acute infections, vaccination must be delayed.

Unduh Poster FAQ Influenza  here